Guimarães Ferreira Fonseca L, Keys A, Hart M, Skowno J. Error Traps in Pediatric Total Intravenous Anesthesia Knowledge Gaps and a Practical Perspective. Paediatr Anaesth. 2025 Dec;35(12):996-1015. doi: 10.1111/pan.70051. Epub 2025 Sep 16. PMID: 40955803.

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Abstract
Pediatric total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) with propofol is well-established, safe, and offers advantages over volatile anesthesia. Nevertheless, its use remains limited because of inadequate training and knowledge, lack of confidence, perceived complexity, and uncertainty or limited awareness of its benefits. This error traps article explores key principles for the safe and effective use of pediatric TIVA, including pharmacological principles, the role of adjunct agents, practical aspects of drug delivery, electroencephalography-based monitoring, and the use of TIVA in specific populations.